Systematic name

There are millions of possible objects that can be described in science, too many to create common names for every one. As a response, a number of systems of systematic names have been created.

These can be as simple as assigning a prefix and a number to each object (in which case they are a sort of catalog reference), or as complex as encoding the complete structure of the object in the name. Many systems combine some information about the named object with an extra sequence number to make it into a unique identifier[?].

• Systematic names for chemical elements and chemical compounds (administered by IUPAC)
• Systematic names for asteroids, comets, stars and other astronomical objects (administered by the International Astronomical Union)
• Systematic names for genes, proteins, and other objects of molecular biology

Systematic names often co-exist with earlier common names assigned before the creation of any systematic naming system. For example, many common chemicals are still referred to by their common names, even by chemists.

Chemical Names

To give an example of why this is so, consider this example. The names "caffeine" and "3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione" both describe the same chemical. The systematic name encodes the structure and composition of the caffiene molecule in some detail, and provides an unambiguous reference to this compound, whereas the name "caffeine" just names it. These advantages make the systematic name far superior to the common name when absolute clarity and precision is required. However, even professional chemists will use the non-systematic name 99% of the time, because caffeine is a well-known common chemical with a unique structure.

1. Single atom anions are named with an -ide prefix, for example H⁺ is hydride.

1. Compounds with a positive ion (cation), the name of the compound is simply the element name, with an -ide ending. For example, NaCl is sodium chloride, and CaF₂ is calcium fluoride.

1. Cations able to take on more than one positive charge are labeled with Roman numerals in parenthesises. For example, Cu⁺ is copper (I), Cu²⁺ is copper (II). An older notation is to append -ous or -ic' to the root of the Latin name to name ions with a lesser or greater charge. Under this naming convention, Cu⁺ is cuprous and Cu²⁺ is cupric.

1. Oxyanions (polyatomic anions containing oxygen) are named with -ite or -ate, for a lesser or greater quantity of oxygen. For example, NO₂^- is nitrite, while NO₃^- is nitrate. If four oxyanions are possible, the prefixes hypo- and per- are used.

1. The prefix bi- is used to indicate the presense of a single hydrogen ion.

Naming Ionic Compounds

An ionic compound is named by its cation followed by its anion. See polyatomic ions[?] for a list of possible ions. For cations that take on multiple charges, the charge is written in Roman numerals - for example, Cu(NO₃)₂ is copper(II) nitrate[?], because the charge of two nitrate ions is 2*-1=-2, and since the net charge of the ionic compound must be zero, the Cu ion has a 2+ charge. This compound is therefore copper(II) nitrate.

Naming Hydrates

Hydrates are ionic compounds that have absorbed water. They are named as the ionic compound followed by a numerical prefix and -hydrate. The prefixes used are listed below:

1. 1 mono-
2. 2 di-
3. 3 tri-
4. 4 tetra-
5. 5 penta-
6. 6 hexa-
7. 7 hepta-
8. 8 octa-
9. 9 nona-
10. 10 deca-

For example, CuSO₄*5H₂O is copper sulfate pentahydrate because it has five water molecules.

Naming Molecular Compounds

Molecular compounds are named with a prefix (see list above) before each element. The more electronegative element is written last and with an -ide suffix. For example, CO₂ is carbon dioxide, and CCl₄ is carbon tetrachloride. There are some exceptions to the rule, however. Sometimes prefixes are shortened to make the name easier to say; for example, CO is carbon monoxide (as opposed to monooxide).

Naming Acids

Acids are named by the anion they form when dissolved in water. If an acid forms an anion named ___ide, it is named hydro___ic acid. For example, hydrochloric acid forms a chloride anion. Secondly, anions with an -ate suffix are formed from acids with an -ic suffix are dissolved -- chloric acid dissociates to chlorate anions in water. Thirdly, anions with an -ite suffix are formed when acids with an -ous suffix are dissolved in water; for example chlorous acid disassociates into chlorite anions.

See also:

• binomial nomenclature
• naming conventions[?]
• address space[?]

Common misspelling and questions (FAQ)

ystematic-name  sstematic-name  sytematic-name  sysematic-name  systmatic-name  systeatic-name  systemtic-name  systemaic-name  systematc-name  systemati-name  systematicname  systematic-ame  systematic-nme  systematic-nae  systematic-nam  ysstematic-name  ssytematic-name  sytsematic-name  sysetmatic-name  systmeatic-name  systeamtic-name  systemtaic-name  systemaitc-name  systematci-name  systemati-cname  systematicn-ame  systematic-anme  systematic-nmae  systematic-naem  systematic-nam  ssystematic-name  syystematic-name  sysstematic-name  systtematic-name  systeematic-name  systemmatic-name  systemaatic-name  systemattic-name  systematiic-name  systematicc-name  systematic--name  systematic-nname  systematic-naame  systematic-namme  systematic-namee  wystematic-name  aystematic-name  zystematic-name  eystematic-name  xystematic-name  eystematic-name  dystematic-name  xystematic-name  s6stematic-name  ststematic-name  sgstematic-name  s7stematic-name  shstematic-name  s7stematic-name  sustematic-name  shstematic-name  sywtematic-name  syatematic-name  syztematic-name  syetematic-name  syxtematic-name  syetematic-name  sydtematic-name  syxtematic-name  sys5ematic-name  sysrematic-name  sysfematic-name  sys6ematic-name  sysgematic-name  sys6ematic-name  sysyematic-name  sysgematic-name  syst3matic-name  systwmatic-name  systsmatic-name  syst4matic-name  systdmatic-name  syst4matic-name  systrmatic-name  systdmatic-name  systejatic-name  systenatic-name  systekatic-name  systekatic-name  syste,atic-name  systemqtic-name  systemwtic-name  systemztic-name  systemwtic-name  systemstic-name  systemztic-name  systema5ic-name  systemaric-name  systemafic-name  systema6ic-name  systemagic-name  systema6ic-name  systemayic-name  systemagic-name  systemat8c-name  systematuc-name  systematjc-name  systemat9c-name  systematkc-name  systemat9c-name  systematoc-name  systematkc-name  systematid-name  systematix-name  systematif-name  systematif-name  systemativ-name  systematic0name  systematicpname  systematic[name  systematic-hame  systematic-bame  systematic-jame  systematic-jame  systematic-mame  systematic-nqme  systematic-nwme  systematic-nzme  systematic-nwme  systematic-nsme  systematic-nzme  systematic-naje  systematic-nane  systematic-nake  systematic-nake  systematic-na,e  systematic-nam3  systematic-namw  systematic-nams  systematic-nam4  systematic-namd  systematic-nam4  systematic-namr  systematic-namd  systematyc-name  sysyematic-name  systyematic-name  systematic-names 


Ay, beckon to your troopers! Here I stand; [Pointing to the people. And he that stirs one step---- STAUFFACHER (exclaims). to the spot where BERTHA had cast herself between RUDENZ The boy's alive! MANY VOICES. How? Has he shot? The madman! BERTHA. Pray you compose yourself. The boy's alive! WALTER (runs in with the apple). You would not harm your boy. [TELL stands with his body bent forwards, as though he would the boy advancing, he hastens to meet him with open arms, and All crowd round them deeply affected. BERTHA. My children, my dear children! STAUFFACHER. Almighty powers! That was a shot indeed! This feat of Tell, the archer, will be told By heaven! the apple's cleft right through the core. The shot was good. But woe to him who drove Cheer up, Tell, rise! You've nobly freed yourself, Come, to the mother let us bear her son! GESSLER. Sir, your pleasure? GESSLER. A second arrow in thy belt--nay, nay! It is the custom with all archers, sir. GESSLER. There was some other motive, well I know. Whate'er it be I promise thee thy life, Well, my lord, .