A string quartet is a group of four string musical instruments or a piece written to be performed by such a group.
Although any combination of string instruments may be called a "string quartet", in practice, the term almost always refers to a group consisting of two violins, one viola and one cello. This combination of instruments is widely seen as the most important forms in chamber music, with most major composers writing string quartets.
The form first came to be used around the middle of the 18th century, Joseph Haydn being one of the first composers to develop it. Indeed, he is often referred to as "the father of the string quartet" (as well as being called "the father of the symphony"). Haydn played his compositions in a string quartet of which Mozart was also a member.
Many other chamber groups can be seen as modifications of the string quartet, such as the piano quintet, which is a string quartet with an added piano; the string quintet, which is a string quartet with an extra viola or cello; the string trio, which is a string quartet with only one violin; and the piano quartet[?], a string quartet with one of the violins replaced by a piano.
A piece of music for string quartet may be in any form, but if it is simply String Quartet (with or without a subtitle) it is usually in four movements, with a large-scale structure similar to that of a symphony.
Pieces have been written for string quartet by many composers, among them:
- Béla Bartók - wrote six string quartets widely regarded as being the finest quartets of the first half of the 20th century
- Ludwig van Beethoven - wrote sixteen quartets regarded as among the finest quartets by any composer.
- Alban Berg - wrote one String Quartet plus the Lyric Suite[?] for string quartet, which influenced Bartók.
- Johannes Brahms - wrote three string quartets in the 1860s and 1870s
- Benjamin Britten - wrote three numbered string quartets (1941, 1945 and 1975) plus two early unnumbered ones (1928 and 1931) and a number of other works for string quartet (such as the three Divertimenti, 1933).
- Claude Debussy - wrote just one string quartet in 1893.
- Antonin Dvorak - wrote fourteen string quartets, with number twelve, the American, the best known
- Joseph Haydn - wrote sixty-eight string quartets (some of which he called Divertimenti), the last incomplete, plus Die Sieben letzten Worte unseres Erlösers am Kreuze (The Seven Last Words of Christ on the Cross), a sequence of eight slow movement plus a brief, rapid, finale (originally written for orchestra, but probably better known in its version for string quartet).
- Leo Janáček - wrote two string quartets, known as The Kreutzer Sonata and Intimate Letters.
- Felix Mendelssohn - wrote six numbered string quartets, plus a number of other works, none of them amongst his better known pieces
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - wrote twenty-three string quartets, including the six so-called Haydn quartets (1782-85), generally reckoned to be his best.
- Sergei Prokofiev - wrote two string quartets (1930 and 1941).
- Maurice Ravel - wrote one string quartet (1903).
- Arnold Schoenberg - wrote four numbered string quartets, the second of which includes a part for soprano. Also composed an early, unnumbered, string quartet.
- Franz Schubert - traditionally reckoned to have written fifteen string quartets. The Death and the Maiden and Rosamunde quartets are particularly well known.
- Robert Schumann - wrote three string quartets (opus number 41), not among his better known works.
- Dmitri Shostakovich - wrote fifteen string quartets, often seen as being as significant, but more "private", works as his fifteen symphonies.
- Bedrich Smetana - wrote two string quartets, with the first, From My Life, the better known.
- Michael Tippett - wrote five numbered string quartets plus two unnumbered youthful works.
- William Walton - wrote two string quartets (1922 and 1947)
- Anton Webern - his String Quartet is composed using the twelve tone technique
For the purposes of performance, groups of string players sometimes group together to make ad hoc string quartets. Other groups continue playing together for many years, sometimes changing their members but retaining their name. Well known string quartets include:
- Aeolian Quartet
- Alban Berg Quartet[?]
- Alberni Quartet
- Allegri Quartet
- Amadeus Quartet
- Arditti Quartet
- Belcea Quartet
- Borodin Quartet[?]
- Brandis Quartet[?]
- Brodsky Quartet[?]
- Budapest Quartet[?]
- Busch Quartet[?]
- Cleveland Quartet[?]
- Chilingirian Quartet[?]
- Coull Quartet[?]
- Delme Quartet[?]
- Duke Quartet
- Endellion Quartet[?]
- Emerson Quartet
- Fitzwilliam Quartet[?]
- Gabrieli Quartet
- Griller Quartet[?]
- Guarneri Quartet[?]
- Hagen Quartet[?]
- Hollywood Quartet[?]
- Hungarian Quartet[?]
- Italian Quartet[?]
- Kodaly Quartet[?]
- Kronos Quartet[?]
- Lindsay Quartet[?]
- Orlando Quartet[?]
- Peterson Quartet
- Prague Quartet[?]
- Quattuor Mosaďques[?]
- Smetana Quartet[?]
- Skampa Quartet[?]
- Takács Quartet
- Talich Quartet[?]
- Tokyo Quartet[?]
- Vegh Quartet[?]
- Vermeer Quartet
- Ysa˙e Quartet[?]
- Zorian Quartet[?]
External Links
http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/1790/q_gi.htm
Common misspelling and questions (FAQ)
tring-quartet sring-quartet sting-quartet strng-quartet strig-quartet strin-quartet stringquartet string-uartet string-qartet string-qurtet string-quatet string-quaret string-quartt string-quarte tsring-quartet srting-quartet stirng-quartet strnig-quartet strign-quartet strin-gquartet stringq-uartet string-uqartet string-qaurtet string-quratet string-quatret string-quarett string-quartte string-quarte sstring-quartet sttring-quartet strring-quartet striing-quartet strinng-quartet stringg-quartet string--quartet string-qquartet string-quuartet string-quaartet string-quarrtet string-quarttet string-quarteet string-quartett wtring-quartet atring-quartet ztring-quartet etring-quartet xtring-quartet etring-quartet dtring-quartet xtring-quartet s5ring-quartet srring-quartet sfring-quartet s6ring-quartet sgring-quartet s6ring-quartet syring-quartet sgring-quartet st4ing-quartet steing-quartet stding-quartet st5ing-quartet stfing-quartet st5ing-quartet stting-quartet stfing-quartet str8ng-quartet strung-quartet strjng-quartet str9ng-quartet strkng-quartet str9ng-quartet strong-quartet strkng-quartet strihg-quartet stribg-quartet strijg-quartet strijg-quartet strimg-quartet strint-quartet strinf-quartet strinv-quartet striny-quartet strinb-quartet striny-quartet strinh-quartet strinb-quartet string0quartet stringpquartet string[quartet string-1uartet string-2uartet string-auartet string-2uartet string-wuartet string-auartet string-q7artet string-qyartet string-qhartet string-q8artet string-qjartet string-q8artet string-qiartet string-qjartet string-quqrtet string-quwrtet string-quzrtet string-quwrtet string-qusrtet string-quzrtet string-qua4tet string-quaetet string-quadtet string-qua5tet string-quaftet string-qua5tet string-quattet string-quaftet string-quar5et string-quarret string-quarfet string-quar6et string-quarget string-quar6et string-quaryet string-quarget string-quart3t string-quartwt string-quartst string-quart4t string-quartdt string-quart4t string-quartrt string-quartdt string-quarte5 string-quarter string-quartef string-quarte6 string-quarteg string-quarte6 string-quartey string-quarteg stryng-quartet syring-quartet styring-quartet string-quartetsWe know that in father's name that poisoned himself. He changed it by deedpoll, the father and sages! --Well, they're still waiting for their redeemer, says Martin. For that Messiah. And every jew is in a tall state of excitement, I believe, till that died was born. I met him one day in the south city markets buying a middlings he is. Lying up in the hotel Pisser was telling me once a month you? It'd be an act of God to take a hold of a fellow the like of that and sloping off with his five quid without putting up a pint of stuff like a from Hungary! Ahasuerus I call him. Cursed by God. --Have you time for a brief libation, Martin? says Ned. --Only one, says Martin. We must be quick. J. J. and S. --You, Jack? Crofton? Three half ones, Terry. --Saint Patrick would want to land again at Ballykinlar and convert us, shores. --Well, says Martin, rapping for his glass. God bless all here is my thurifers, boatbearers, readers, ostiarii, deacons and subdeacons, and monks and friars: the monks of Benedict of Spoleto, Carthusians and and the friars of.