Low Saxon (in Low Saxon, Plattdüütsch, Nedderdüütsch or Neddersassisch) is any of a variety of Low German dialects spoken in northern Germany and the Netherlands. It also includes Plautdietsch, which is spoken by Mennonites in North America.
Since 1994 Low Saxon has been recognised by the European Union as an independent regional lanugage. Since 1999 Low Saxon is under protection of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. The ISO 639-2 language code is nds since May 2000. Although often considered a variation of German, in many respects it is more like Dutch, which is based on closely related Low Franconian dialects. Low Saxon and Low Franconian are classified together as Low German.
The distinction between Low Saxon and Low Franconian (on one side) or High German (on the other side) isn't precisely defined; there are several clines[?] that vary smoothly from one dialect to another. The Northern Low Saxon language serves as a common intelligible language in TV and Wireless programms.
The Low Saxon language has in common with the English language, the Scandinavian languages and Frisian that it has not been influenced by the High German sound shift[?]. Therefore a lot of Low Saxon words sound similar to their English counterparts. For instance: Water/water, later, bit, Disch/dish, Schipp/ship, pull/pull, good/good, Klock/clock, Seil/sail, he/he, Storm/storm.
The grammar also shows similarities to the English language. Low Saxon declination has only three cases. In the northern dialects the participle is formed without the prefix ge-, like the Scandinavian languages and English, but unlike Dutch and German. The syntax on the other hand is more like German syntax, though there are some differences.
Low Saxon was once much more widespread than today, being used as a lingua franca throughout the Baltic region, under the influence of the Hanseatic League. It served as a standard language[?] in many regions of northern Germany until it was replaced for that purpose by Standard German (a High German dialect) during the unification of Germany under Otto von Bismarck in 1870.
A Low Saxon Wikipedia has recently been started at http://nds.wikipedia.org.
List of dialects
Note that divisions between subfamilies of Germanic are rarely precisely defined; most form continuous clines[?], with adjacent dialects being mutually intelligible and more distantly separated ones being less so. However, most Low Saxon dialects are thought to be descended from, or to have been strongly influenced by Old Saxon[?].
Dialects in northern Germany:
- Northern (Standard) Low Saxon
- Bremisch[?] (around Bremen)
- Hamburgisch (in Hamburg)
- Holsteinisch (in Holstein)
- Schleswigsch (in Schleswig)
- Heidjerisch[?] (in Luneburg Heath)
- East Frisian Low Saxon, or Emslandic (in western Lower Saxony)
- Mecklenburgisch (in Mecklenburg)
- Eastphalian (around Hannover)
- Westphalian (in Westphalia)
- With strong influences from other languages and dialects:
- Brandenburgisch (in Brandenburg)
- Pomeranian (in Pomerania)
Dialects in the eastern Netherlands:
- Achterhoeks[?] (in Gelderland)
- Drents[?] (in Drenthe)
- Gronings[?] (in Groningen)
- Sallands[?] (in central Overijssel)
- Stellingwerfs[?] (in Ooststellingwerf and Weststellingwerf, in Friesland)
- Twents[?] (in eastern Overijssel)
- Veenkoloniaals[?] (in eastern Groningen)
- North Veluws[?] (in Gelderland)
- East Veluws[?] (in Gelderland)
- Westerwolds[?] (in eastern Groningen)
Dialects in Canada and the United States:
- Plautdietsch (in Mennonite communities)
This list isn't complete.
See also: Common phrases in different languages.
The Lord's Prayer in Low Saxon
- Unse Vadder in'n Himmel!
- Laat hilligt warrn dienen Namen.
- Laat kamen dien Riek.
- Laat warrn dienen Willen so as in'n Himmel,
- so ok op de Eerd.
- Uns' dääglich Brood giff uns vundaag.
- Un vergiff uns unse Schuld,
- as wi de vergeven hebbt,
- de an uns schüllig sünd.
- Un laat uns nich versöcht warrn.
- Mak uns frie vun dat Böse.
External link
- Ethnologue report for Low Saxon (http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=768)
- http://www.sassisch.net/rhahn/low-saxon/index-engl.htm
- http://www.sassisch.net/rhahn/low-saxon/po-engl.htm
- http://www.plattmaster.de
- http://www.platt-online.de/
- http://www.zfn-ratzeburg.de/
Common misspelling and questions (FAQ)
ow-saxon lw-saxon lo-saxon lowsaxon low-axon low-sxon low-saon low-saxn low-saxo olw-saxon lwo-saxon lo-wsaxon lows-axon low-asxon low-sxaon low-saoxn low-saxno low-saxo llow-saxon loow-saxon loww-saxon low--saxon low-ssaxon low-saaxon low-saxxon low-saxoon low-saxonn oow-saxon kow-saxon ,ow-saxon pow-saxon .ow-saxon pow-saxon ;ow-saxon .ow-saxon l9w-saxon liw-saxon lkw-saxon l0w-saxon llw-saxon l0w-saxon lpw-saxon llw-saxon lo2-saxon loq-saxon loa-saxon lo3-saxon los-saxon lo3-saxon loe-saxon los-saxon low0saxon lowpsaxon low[saxon low-waxon low-aaxon low-zaxon low-eaxon low-xaxon low-eaxon low-daxon low-xaxon low-sqxon low-swxon low-szxon low-swxon low-ssxon low-szxon low-sason low-sazon low-sadon low-sadon low-sacon low-sax9n low-saxin low-saxkn low-sax0n low-saxln low-sax0n low-saxpn low-saxln low-saxoh low-saxob low-saxoj low-saxoj low-saxom low-saxonsII (1902), ch. vi, vii, and, by the same Atkinson, _A History of Germany, 1715-1815_ (1908), almost exclusively Statesmanship: Germany_ (1903), instructive and stimulating. The best Stein, or Germany and Prussia in the Napoleonic Age_, 2 vols. (1879). _Deutsche Geschichte vom Tode Friedrichs des Grossen bis zur Gruendung _Deutsche Geschichte vom Tode Friedrichs des Grossen bis zur Aufloesung Suedenhorst, _Deutsche Geschichte von der Aufloesung des alten bis zur of which Vol. I deals with the years 1806-1815; Heinrich von (1890-1896), of which Vol. I, in Eng. trans. (1915), covers the period und 1814_, 2 vols. (1914-1915), not so much military as political and Neidhardt von Gneisenau_, 3d rev. ed. (1913). A reliable French view is of Empire_, Vol. I, _1801-1832_ (1909), political and conservative; G. 1801-1837_ (1906), accurate but dry, containing valuable notable contribution, and, by the same author, though not so excellent, Nelson (1890), a convenient little biography in the "Heroes of the the Sea Power of Great Britain_, 2 vols. (1897), a standard work; J. S. than to Nelson; A. T. Mahan, _Sea Power in its Relation to the War of Vols. IV-VII (1906-1912), a monumental work on the British.