Habsburg

Habsburg (or Hapsburg) was the name of one of the ruling houses of Europe: rulers of Austria (as dukes 1282 - 1453, archdukes 1453 - 1804, and emperors 1804 - 1918), kings of Spain (1516 - 1700), and Holy Roman Emperors for several centuries to 1806. The name is derived from the Swiss Habichtsburg (Hawk Castle), the family seat in the 12th and 13th centuries.

The first Habsburg rulers came from Burgundy, the duchy that took up most of the former Frankish kingdom of Lotharingia. From Burgundy the family extended its influence and holdings to the eastern reaches of the Holy Roman Empire, roughly today's Austria (1278 - 1382). Within only two or three generations, the Habsburgs had managed to secure an initially intermittent grasp on the imperial throne that would last for centuries (1273 - 1291, 1298 - 1308, 1438 - 1740, and 1745 - 1806). Upon the abdication of the Emperor Charles V, also King Charles I of Spain (1516 - 1556), the family split into the Austrian Habsburgs[?] and the Spanish Habsburgs[?].

By the turn of the 19th century, Habsburg power had waned significantly. The Spanish line died out in 1700, and in 1806 the Holy Roman Empire was wound up under the French Emperor Napoleon I's reorganisation of Germany.

In Austria, however, the Habsburgs maintained their hold, declaring themselves Emperors of Austria two years after Napoleon declared himself Emperor of France in 1804.

Emperor Francis I of Austria used the official great title: "We, Francis the First, by the grace of God Emperor of Austria; King of Jerusalem, Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Galicia, and Lodomiria[?]; Archduke of Austria; Duke of Lorraine, Salzburg, Würzburg[?], Franconia, Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola ; Grand Duke of Cracow; Prince of Transylvania; Margrave of Moravia; Duke of Sandomir[?], Masovia, Lublin, Upper and Lower Silesia, Auschwitz and Zator[?], Teschen[?], and Friule[?]; Prince of Berchtesgaden and Mergentheim[?]; Princely Count of Habsburg, Gorizia[?], and Gradisca[?]; and Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and Istria".

Hungary, nominally under Habsburg kingship from 1526 but mostly under Ottoman Turkish occupation for 150 years, was reconquered in 1683 - 1699, the Habsburgs remaining kings of Hungary under an 1867 autonomy arrangement (see Austria-Hungary) until their deposition in both Austria and Hungary in 1918 following defeat in World War I.

Holy Roman Emperors of the House of Habsburg

Habsburg

NB: Maria Theresa of Austria, Hapsburg heiress and wife of emperor Francis I Stephen, reigned as Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia 1740 - 1780

Habsburg-Lorraine (Lothringen) Emperors

Kings of Spain of the House of Habsburg

Kings of Portugal of the House of Habsburg

Grand Dukes of Tuscany of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine

Dukes of Modena of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine

Duchess of Parma of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine

The current head of the Habsburg family is Otto von Habsburg, Emperor Karl's eldest son.

External links

  1. Habsburg Biographies (http://www.antiquesatoz.com/habsburg/)
  2. Habsburg Resource Centre on SurnameWeb (http://www.surnameweb.org/registry/h/a/b/habsburg.shtml)


Common misspelling and questions (FAQ)

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Which is not lawful on the Sabbath-day, Have ye not read And all they that were with him? How he entered Which was not lawful, saving for the priests? The priests profane the Sabbath in the Temple, One in this place is greater than the Temple! I will have mercy and not sacrifice, Was made for man, and not man for the Sabbath. Passes on with the disciples. PHARISEES. Wandering about the fields, and uttering Among the common people, who receive Deluded folk! The incomprehensible So visionary, or so void of sense, V NAZARETH CHRISTUS, reading in the Synagogue. He hath anointed me to preach good tidings To comfort those that mourn, and to throw open The Year Acceptable of the Lord, our God! He closes the book and sits down. A PHARISEE. Will he instruct the Elders? A PRIEST. Have I been Priest here in the Synagogue, Sit in the Teacher's seat! CHRISTUS. This scripture is fulfilled. One is appointed To give them beauty for ashes, and the oil The old waste-places; and again raise up The cities that are wasted! As a bridegroom Adorneth herself with jewels, so the Lord He speaks the Prophet's words; but with an air For Zion's sake I will not hold my peace, .

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Licence of article: GNU FDL.
Original source @ wikipedia.