Geography of the Netherlands

Geography of the Netherlands

Location: Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany

Geographic coordinates: 52 30 N, 5 45 E

Map references: Europe

Area:
total: 41,532 sq km
land: 33,889 sq km
water: 7,643 sq km

Area - comparative: slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey

Land boundaries:
total: 1,027 km
border countries: Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km

Coastline: 451 km

Maritime claims:
exclusive fishing zone: 200 nautical miles
territorial sea: 12 nautical miles

Climate: temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters

Terrain: mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast

Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Prins Alexanderpolder -7 m
highest point: Vaalserberg 321 m

Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, arable land

Land use:
arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 3%
permanent pastures: 25%
forests and woodland: 8%
other: 39% (1996 est.)

Irrigated land: 6,000 sq km (1996 est.)

Natural hazards: the extensive system of dikes and dams protects nearly one-half of the total area from being flooded

Environment - current issues: water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates[?] and phosphates[?]; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain

Environment - international agreements:
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Geography - note: located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde)

Common misspelling and questions (FAQ)

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Lo! altars four, For sacrifice, we build; and I for thee And of rich olive-oil two bowls, will set; If cold, before the hearth, or in the shade From flasks of Ariusian grape will pour Shall Lyctian Aegon and Damoetas sing, The dancing Satyrs. This, thy service due, Our yearly vows, and when with lustral rites Shall love the mountain-heights, and fish the streams, Thy name, thy praise, thine honour, shall endure. To thee the swain his yearly vows shall make; How, how repay thee for a song so rare? So much delights me, nor wave-smitten beach, First this frail hemlock-stalk to you I give, For fair Alexis," ay, and this beside, This shepherd's crook, which, howso hard he begged, Prevailed not to obtain- with brass, you see, ECLOGUE VI TO VARUS First my Thalia stooped in sportive mood The woods to house her. When I sought to tell Plucked at mine ear and warned me: "Tityrus, But sing a slender song." Now, Varus, I- And treat of dolorous wars- will rather tune I sing but as vouchsafed me; yet even.