February 11

February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 323 days remaining, 324 in leap years.

Events:

• 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu Tenno.
• 385 - Oldest Pope elected; Siricius, bishop of Tarragona.
• 731 - Gregory II ends his reign as Pope.
• 824 - Paschal I ends his reign as Pope.
• 1531 - Henry VIII of England recognized as supreme head of the Church of England.
• 1543 - Battle of Wayna Daga[?] - Ethiopian/Portuguese troops beat Muslim army.
• 1720 - Sweden & Prussia sign peace (2nd Treaty of Stockholm[?]).
• 1752 - Pennsylvania Hospital[?], 1st hospital in the United States, opens.
• 1790 - Society of Friends petitions United States Congress for abolition of slavery.
• 1794 - First session of United States Senate open to the public.
• 1808 - Anthracite coal first burned as fuel, experimentally.
• 1809 - Robert Fulton patents the steamboat
• 1810 - Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria.
• 1812 - Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry gerrymanders for the first time.
• 1814 - Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union
• 1826 - London University is founded.
• 1837 - American Physiological Society[?] organizes in Boston, Massachusetts.
• 1840 - Gaetano Donizetti's opera La Fille du Regiment[?] premieres in Paris.
• 1843 - Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi[?] premieres in Milan.
• 1858 - Blessed Virgin Mary is said to appear to Saint Bernadette Soubirous of Lourdes.
• 1861 - American Civil War: United States House of Representatives unanimously passes resolution guaranteeing noninterference with slavery in any state.
• 1873 - Spanish Cortes fires king Amadeus I.
• 1889 - Meiji constitution[?] of Japan adopted; 1st Diet of Japan convenes in 1890
• 1902 - Police beat up universal suffrage demonstrators in Brussels.
• 1903 - Anton Bruckner's 9th Symphony premieres in Vienna.
• 1905 - Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer nos.
• 1908 - Australia regain the Ashes with a 308 run cricket victory over England.
• 1916 - Emma Goldman arrested for lecturing on birth control.
• 1919 - Friedrich Ebert (SPD), elected President of Germany.
• 1928 - 1928 Winter Olympic Games open in St. Moritz[?], Switzerland
• 1929 - Italy and the Vatican sign the Lateran Treaty.
• 1937 - A sit-down strike ends when General Motors recognizes the United Automobile Workers Union[?].
• 1941 - First Gold record presented to Glenn Miller for "Chattanooga Choo Choo[?]".
• 1943 - General Dwight Eisenhower selected to command the allied armies in Europe.
• 1945 - Yalta Conference ends.
• 1948 - John Costello follows Eamon de Valera as Premier of Ireland[?].
• 1953 - President Dwight Eisenhower refuses clemency appeal for Ethel and Julius Rosenberg
• 1953 - The Soviet Union breaks diplomatic relations with Israel.
• 1961 - Trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem.
• 1963 - The Beatles tape 10 tracks for their first album, including "Please, Please Me".
• 1964 - At the Washington, DC Coliseum, The Beatles have their 1st live appearance in the United States.
• 1964 - Greeks and Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus.
• 1964 - Taiwan drops diplomatic relations with France.
• 1968 - Israeli-Jordanian border clashes.
• 1968 - Madison Square Garden III closes and Madison Square Garden IV opens in New York City
• 1971 - US, UK, USSR, others sign Seabed Treaty[?] outlawing nuclear weapons in international waters.
• 1973 - Vietname War[?]: First release of American prisoners of war from Vietnam takes place.
• 1978 - Censorship: China lifts a ban on works by Aristotle, Shakespeare and Dickens.
• 1979 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini seizes power in Iran.
• 1986 - Rights activist Anatoly Scharansky[?], released by the USSR, leaves the country.
• 1987 - Philippines constitution goes into effect.
• 1990 - James "Buster" Douglas KOs Mike Tyson to win heavyweight[?] boxing crown.
• 1990 - Nelson Mandela, a political prisoner for 27 years, is freed from Victor Verster prison outside Cape Town, South Africa.
• 1991 - UNPO, the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, forms in The Hague, Netherlands.

Births:

• 1380 - Gianfrancesco Poggio Bracciolini, Italian humanist
• 1465 - Elizabeth of York, consort of King Henry VII of England
• 1535 - Pope Gregory XIV
• 1557 - John Uijtenbogaert[?] Dutch remonstrant theologian.
• 1568 - Honore d'Urfe[?] French writer
• 1657 - Bernard Le Bovier Fontenelle[?], French scientist and man of letters
• 1755 - Albert Christoph Dies[?], composer
• 1764 - Marie-Joseph de Chenier[?] French poet
• 1774 - Hans Jarta[?], Swedish political activist, administrator, publicist
• 1776 - Joannis Capodistrias Greek governor of Troezen[?] (1827-31)
• 1780 - Karoline von Günderode[?], poet (+ 1806)
• 1790 - Ignaz Assmayer[?], composer
• 1800 - William Henry Fox Talbot, English photographic pioneer
• 1802 - Lydia Child[?]
• 1810 - Loisa Puget[?], composer
• 1812 - Alexander Hamilton Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America
• 1812 - Benjamin Franklin Sands[?], Commander (Union Navy)
• 1813 - Otto Ludwig[?], German novelist, playwright, critic
• 1819 - Samuel Parkman Tuckerman[?], composer
• 1821 - Auguste Edouard Mariette[?], French Egyptologist
• 1821 - Hermann Allmers[?], writer
• 1830 - Hans Bronsart von Schellendorf[?], composer
• 1830 - Peter Arnold Heise[?], composer
• 1833 - Melville Weston Fuller[?] 8th Cchief Justice of the United States[?]
• 1839 - Josiah Willard Gibbs theoretical physicist, chemist.
• 1847 - Thomas Alva Edison, inventor (+ 1931)
• 1860 - Rachilde[?] [Marguerite Vallette-Eymery], French author
• 1867 - August W Messer[?], German philosopher, educator, psychologist
• 1869 - Helene Kroller-Muller Dutch museum founder and patron of the arts
• 1869 - Else Lasker-Schüler[?], lyricist, dramatist and narrator (+ 1945)
• 1873 - Feodor Chaliapine[?], Russian author
• 1874 - Elsa Beskow (Maartman), Swedish children's book and fairy tales author
• 1874 - Fritz Bennicke Hart[?], composer
• 1875 - Sara Wennerberg-Reuter[?], composer
• 1879 - Jean Gilbert[?], composer
• 1882 - Gheorghe Cucu[?] composer
• 1883 - Paul August von Klenau[?] Danish composer, conductor
• 1887 - Ernst Hanfstängl[?] pianist, politician
• 1887 - John van Melle South African writer
• 1889 - Vladimir Mikhaylovich Deshevov[?] composer
• 1890 - John de Vries[?], fairy tale writer
• 1891 - J W Hearne[?] English cricket player
• 1893 - Johan Alberts[?] Dutch literary figure
• 1894 - Alfonso Leng, composer
• 1894 - Isaac Kolthoff[?] chemist
• 1895 - Viktor Nikolayevich Trambitsky[?], composer
• 1896 - Else Lasker-Schüler[?], writer
• 1897 - Yves de La Casiniere[?], composer
• 1898 - Leo Szilard, physicist, peace activist
• 1900 - Thomas Hitchcock Jr[?], polo player
• 1900 - Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher
• 1902 - Arne Jacobsen Danish architect/designer
• 1903 - Hans Redlich[?], composer
• 1904 - Henry LaBouisse[?], head of UNICEF
• 1904 - Sir Keith Holyoake, Prime Minister of New Zealand
• 1905 - Elizabeth Vuyk[?], Dutch/Indonesian writer
• 1906 - Denis Barnett[?], British air chief marshal
• 1907 - E W Swanton[?], author, sports commentator
• 1908 - Sutan Takdir Alishahbana[?], Indonesian linguist, author, novelist
• 1908 - Vivian Ernest Fuchs[?], geologist, explorer
• 1908 - Josh White[?]
• 1909 - Joseph Mankiewicz[?], director
• 1909 - Max Baer[?] (The Livermore Larruper), boxer, actor
• 1911 - Alec Cairncross[?] chancellor of the University of Glasgow.
• 1912 - Roy Fuller[?] English poet/novelist
• 1912 - Rudolf Firkusny Napajedla[?], pianist
• 1913 - Lucio Diestro[?], composer
• 1914 - Matt Dennis[?], singer
• 1914 - French Duynstee[?], Dutch constitutional lawyer
• 1914 - Menelaos Pallantios[?], composer
• 1914 - Winand Borgerhoff Mulder[?] court judge of Amsterdam
• 1915 - Haakon Stotijn[?], Dutch oboist
• 1915 - Mervyn Levy[?], artist, critic
• 1915 - Patrick Leigh Fermor, author
• 1916 - Bernice Levin Neugarten[?], social scientist, gerontologist
• 1916 - Joseph Alioto[?], Mayor of San Francisco, California
• 1917 - Richard Jock Kinneir[?], graphic designer
• 1917 - Sidney Sheldon[?], author
• 1919 - Gretchen Fraser[?], slalom skier
• 1919 - Eddie Robinson[?], college football coach.
• 1920 - Billy Halop[?], actor
• 1920 - Daniel Galouye[?], American science fiction author
• 1920 - King Farouk I of Egypt (+ 1965)
• 1920 - Paul Peter Piech, artist
• 1921 - Eva Gabor, actress
• 1921 - Lloyd Bentsen[?], American politician
• 1922 - Leslie Nielsen, actor
• 1922 - Tudor Jarda[?], composer
• 1923 - Ronald Arculus[?], British diplomat
• 1924 - Mary Tregear[?], Oriental art historian
• 1925 - Peter Berger[?], British Vice-Admiral
• 1925 - Kim Stanley, actress
• 1925 - Virginia Johnson[?], doctor, sexologist
• 1926 - Paul Bocuse[?] French chef
• 1926 - Alexander Gibson[?] British conductor/founder of the Scottish Opera[?]
• 1928 - Conrad Janis[?], actor
• 1928 - Archibald Forster[?], CEO (Esso UK)
• 1928 - Gerry Alexander[?]West Indies cricket player
• 1928 - Raoul Cita[?], rocker
• 1928 - Gotthilf Fischer[?], choirmaste
• 1929 - Leonard Gregory Kastle[?], composer
• 1930 - Alevtina Koltschina[?] Soviet skier
• 1930 - C H Dearnley[?], organist
• 1931 - Larry Merchant[?], author, boxing commentator
• 1932 - Jerome Lowenthal[?], pianist, professor
• 1934 - Francesco Pennisi[?], composer
• 1934 - John Surtees, British race car[?] driver
• 1934 - Mary Quant, fashion designer
• 1934 - Tina Louise[?], actress
• 1935 - (disputed) Sergio Mendes[?], musician, songwriter
• 1935 - Gerry Goffin[?], songwriter
• 1935 - Bent Lorentzen[?], composer
• 1935 - (disputed) - Gene Vincent, rock music guitarist, vocalist
• 1936 - Burt Reynolds, actor
• 1937 - Bill Lawry[?], Australian cricket player.
• 1937 - Lodewijk Boer[?], Dutch violinist, playwright
• 1937 - Marilyn Butler[?], Rector of Exeter College, Oxford
• 1937 - Peter Lashley[?], West Indies cricket player.
• 1938 - Bevan Congdon[?], New Zealand cricket player
• 1938 - Willy Correa de Oliveira[?], composer
• 1938 - Manuel Noriega, Panamanian general and dictator
• 1939 - Gerry Goffin[?], lyricist
• 1939 - Jane Yolen[?], science fiction author
• 1940 - Bobby Picket[?], musician
• 1942 - Otis Clay[?], gospel qand R&B singer
• 1943 - Iain Cameron[?] British brigadier
• 1944 - Bert Greene[?] golfer
• 1944 - Buddhadev Dasgupta[?], film director
• 1953 - Philip Anglim[?], actor
• 1961 - Mary Docter[?], speed skater
• 1961 - Carey Lowell[?], actress
• 1962 - Sheryl Crow, musician
• 1969 - Jennifer Aniston, actress
• 1970 - Alistair Brown[?], English cricket player.
• 1974 - D'Angelo, singer.
• 1979 - Brandy Norwood, singer.
• 1980 - Matthew Lawrence[?], actor.
• 1980 - Natasha Bobo, actress.

Deaths:

• 641 - Heraclius, Emperor of Byzantium (610-641).
• 731 - Pope Gregory II
• 821 - Saint Benedict of Aniane[?]
• 824 - Pope Paschal I
• 1141 - Hugo of St. Victor[?], philosopher, theologian, mystic
• 1503 - Elizabeth of York, consort of King Henry VII of England
• 1543 - Ahmed Gran[?], sultan of Adal[?]
• 1622 - Alfonso Fontanelli[?], composer
• 1650 - René Descartes, philosopher
• 1685 - David Teniers III[?], Flemish painter
• 1762 - Johann Tobias Krebs, composer
• 1797 - Antoine Dauvergne[?], composer
• 1806 - Vicente Martin y Soler[?], composer
• 1841 - J H Ferdinand Olivier[?], German painter
• 1868 - Léon Foucault, astronomer
• 1870 - Leopold Eugen Mechura[?], composer.
• 1879 - Honore Daumier[?], caricaturist/painter.
• 1879 - Willem J van Zeggelen[?], Dutch author.
• 1882 - Gustav Schmidt[?], composer.
• 1892 - Erik Anthon Valdemar Siboni[?], composer.
• 1894 - Pasqual Juan Emilio Arrieta y Corera[?] composer
• 1903 - Henryk Szulc[?], composer
• 1907 - Peter J Savelberg[?], Dutch monastery founder
• 1911 - Albert von Rothschild[?], baron, Austrian banker
• 1922 - Gerardus J P Bolland[?], Dutch philosopher
• 1931 - Charles Algernon Parsons[?], British inventor
• 1939 - Franz Schmidt, Austrian composer
• 1940 - John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, Governor-General of Canada
• 1945 - Al Dubin[?], Swiss songwriter
• 1945 - J S H Lokerman[?], Dutch resistance fighter
• 1948 - Sergei Eisenstein, film director
• 1961 - Eduard R Verkade[?], Dutch actor, director
• 1963 - Sylvia Plath, poet, novelist
• 1968 - Howard Lindsay[?], playwright
• 1970 - Emil Abranyi[?], composer.
• 1971 - Whitney Young Jr[?], National Urban League[?] director
• 1972 - Jan Wils[?], architect
• 1973 - Hans D Jensen[?], German physicist
• 1976 - Lee J Cobb[?], actor
• 1977 - Louis J M Beel[?], Premier of the Netherlands[?]
• 1978 - James B Conant[?], headmaster of Harvard University
• 1982 - Eleanor Powell[?], actress, dancer
• 1982 - Takashi Shimura[?], Japanese actor
• 1985 - Heinz Eric Roemheld[?], composer
• 1985 - Henry Hathaway[?] actor, director
• 1985 - Ulysses Simpson Kay[?], composer
• 1986 - Frank Herbert, science fiction author
• 1989 - George O'Hanlon[?], actor, director
• 1991 - Oscar Nitzchke[?], German architect
• 1993 - George A Stephen[?], inventor
• 1994 - Sorrell Brooke[?], actor
• 1994 - William Conrad[?], actor
• 1996 - Amelia Rosselli[?], poet
• 1996 - Bob Shaw, science fiction author
• 1996 - Cyril Poole[?], English cricket player
• 1996 - Kebby Musokotwane[?], prime minister of Zambia
• 2000 - Roger Vadim, French director

Holidays and observances

• Catholicism - Feast day of Our Lady of Lourdes.
• World Day of the Sick.

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See Also: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

February 10 - February 12 - January 11 - March 11 - more historical anniversaries

Common misspelling and questions (FAQ)

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in the train, his mind took its own flight backward into that remoter thought of which made him shudder; yes, and to riots and revels. In with them, irresistibly, tamer companions. He had been a leader in decorous pursuits--if athletics may be so accounted; yet he had capable miraculously been kept alive. . . . Popularity followed him from the small New England college to the Harvard the day arrived when he was summoned by a great New York lawyer to had gone to one of the metropolitan churches to hear a preacher renowned the imagination in the spectacle of a mass of human beings thronging into with full voices in the hymns. What drew them? He himself was singing startling meaning! "Fill me, radiancy divine, Maid of Orleans; of masses of soiled, war-worn, sin-worn humanity groping not down. Outside, a dismal February rain was falling, a rain to wet the soul. clerks and shop girls, and he pictured to himself the dreary rooms from it a will-o'-the-wisp? Below him, in the pews, were the rich. Did they, heedless of his direction, in an exaltation that he had felt before, but preach, and marvelled that the perception had not come to him sooner. .