Challenger expedition

The Challenger Expedition was a scientific expedition which made many discoveries to lay the foundation of oceanography. Prompted by Wyville Thomson[?] of Edinburgh University, the Royal Society of London obtained the use of a ship, HMS Challenger, from the Royal Navy and, between 1870 and 1872, modified it for scientific work, equipping it with separate laboratories for natural history and chemistry.

The ship sailed from Portsmouth on December 21, 1872 and, under the command of Captain George Nares[?] and the scientific supervision of Thomson himself, travelled nearly 70,000 miles surveying and sampling the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the southern reaches of the Indian Ocean. Their scientific brief, carried out at 362 sampling stations, was to determine the ocean depth, the composition of both shallow and deep water, the speed and direction of surface currents (and, where possible, subsurface currents), as well as noting the prevailing atmospheric conditions and taking samples of local plant and animal life.

After 1281 days away, many spent in foreign ports, the ship returned to Spithead[?] in 1876, where the samples and measurements were collated and released over the next 20 years as the 50-volume Report Of The Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76, which, among many other discoveries, catalogued 4,000 previously unknown species of animal. John Murray, who supervised the publication, described the report as "the greatest advance in the knowledge of our planet since the celebrated discoveries of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries".

External Links

Challenger Society (http://www.challenger-society.org.uk/)

Common misspelling and questions (FAQ)

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Let the large mercy of the outraged sea The King and the Commoner, And the heart of the world was astir. That have shut away men from Kings; For the coming of greater things. They rode to an age-old Palace (A Palace that stands unshaken And the King from Kings descending - In a Super-Man seemed blending, Will speak from sea to sea, And the Starry Flag float free. By the evil that turned to good, Its message of Brotherhood. It was not a pageant of Victors - That ride through the bannered City, And the sound of old barriers falling For Deep unto Deep was calling And the width of the earth is our right of way. As we speed to answer a wild world cry; As out over water and land we fare; We follow the finger of guiding fate. We are the Allies. We differ in faith, Many and varied the tongues we speak, And the goal we seek is not power or place, And little matters the colour of skin, We wallow in trenches like pigs in a sty, We wait in quarters, or rise and go. One thought is ever our guiding star: We are the Allies--make way! make way! TEN THOUSAND MEN A DAY All the world was wearying, Everything was shadow-filled; Then a rumour stirred all hearts .