Bantu is a language group that belongs to the Niger-Congo group.
Bantu languages are spoken in South Cameroon, in Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Botswana and South Africa.
The word Bantu was first used by W. H. I. Bleek (1827-75) with the meaning people as this is reflected in many of the languages of this group. He and later Carl Meinhof did comparative studies of the Bantu language grammars.
The language family has hundreds of members. They have been classified by Guthrie in 1948 into groups according to geographical zones - A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, L, M, N, P, R and S and then numbered within the group. (List of Bantu Language Names with synonyms ordered by Guthrie number (http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/CBOLD/Lgs/LgsbyGN.html)). Guthrie as well reconstructed Proto-Bantu as the Proto-language of this language family.
The most prominent grammatical characteristic of Bantu languages is the extensive use of prefixes. Each noun belongs to a class, and each language may have about ten classes all together, somewhat like genders in European languages. The class is indicated by a prefix on the noun, as well as on adjectives and verbs agreeing with it. Plural is indicated by a change of prefix.
The verb has a number of prefixes. In Swahili for example Mtoto mdogo amekisoma means 'The small child has read it [a book]'. Mtoto 'child' governs the adjective prefix m- and the verb subject prefix a-. Then comes perfect tense -me- and an object marker -ki- agreeing with implicit kitabu 'book'. Pluralizing to children makes it Watoto wadogo wamekisoma, and pluralizing to books (vitabu) makes it Watoto wadogo wamevisoma.
The Bantu language with the largest number of speakers is Swahili (G 40). Bantu languages are on a continuum from purely tonal languages to languages with no tone at all.
Other important Bantu languages include Lingala, Kikongo[?], and Chichewa[?] in Central and Eastern Africa, and Shona[?], Sindebele[?], Setswana, Sesotho[?], Zulu, Xhosa, Sepedi, and Swazi in Southern Africa.
Some are usually known in English without the class prefix (Swahili for Kiswahili, Zulu for isiZulu, etc.), and some others vary (Setswana or Tswana, Sindebele or Ndebele, etc.). But the bare form typically doesn't occur in the language: in the country of Botswana the people are the Batswana, one person is a Motswana, and the language is Setswana.
External links
- Berkeley Comparative Bantu Online Dictionary CBOLD (http://www.linguistics.berkeley.edu/CBOLD/); includes a comprehensive bibliography.
- Bantu online ressources by Jacky Maniacky (http://www.bantu.ovh.org/en/)
See also: Click consonant
Common misspelling and questions (FAQ)
antu bntu batu banu bant abntu bnatu batnu banut bant bbantu baantu banntu banttu bantuu gantu vantu hantu hantu nantu bqntu bwntu bzntu bwntu bsntu bzntu bahtu babtu bajtu bajtu bamtu ban5u banru banfu ban6u bangu ban6u banyu bangu bant7 banty banth bant8 bantj bant8 banti bantj banyu bantyu bantusThis carriage is none too good. I said so sigh. "We ought to get a runabout-- an auto runabout, I mean." "That's the talk!" cried his younger brother. "If we had one of those to turn off on a side road for a distance of nearly a mile. Here the or hollow. "Be careful, Sam!" warned Dick. "Don't drive so fast." "Oh, go ahead," put in Tom, impatiently. "We are losing a lot of time of rocks. Over the latter bumped the carriage. Then came a sudden the foot of the hill. "What broke?" asked Dick, anxiously. "The back axle, I think," answered Tom, as he leaped to the ground. The boys had a lantern with them and with this they looked for the close to the left wheel. "What's to be done now?" asked Sam, in some dismay. "Say, I don't no mistake." "If we had a wire we might bind up that axle," said Tom, looking at here but the hitching strap and I don't think that will do." "There is a farmhouse," said Sam, pointing to a light in a nearby nobody will run into the carriage. Now that the main road is shut off, hurried to where the light gleamed from the kitchen windows of a small an old man, who held a lighted lamp in his trembling.